DON KING
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Don's trouble is he would rather earn a crooked quarter than an honest dollar.
Tim Witherspoon
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What PT Barnum was to the circus, Don King is to boxing -- flamboyant, ruthless, intelligent, street smart, and charming. He is Ayn Rand with a smile. A businessman who embarks on hostile takeovers of people instead of corporations, King knows how to exploit weaknesses, as well as how to outwork his competitors. He knows how to remain on top through the paid-off loyalty of politicians, businessmen and journalists. He knows and plays to the sensitivities black people have when it comes to cash money, criticism by white people and conspiracy theories.
So begins an article in Quarterly Black Review. Ann Rand who wrote dissertations that professed the logic of being self-serving would be proud. Her book the Virtue of selfishness could have been written with Don King in mind. It is easy to vilify Don King, he is unavoidably deserving of such infamy, but the Palm Beach resident is not so easy to label. Paradox chases King precisely because he is so good at what he does.
Former Heavyweight Champion Larry Holmes laments, "King's an equal opportunity dirtbag,he screws everybody." It is also true that Holmes and almost everybody else "he screws" comes back to him. The fact is this self made man who started out as a numbers runner in Cleveland is the best of the best in a sport that has always been the worst of the worst. King makes more for his fighters at his bombastic self engrossed manipulative worst than any benevolent promoter can at their best. Over Ninety-one boxers have earned $1 million or more under Don King.
In 1981 King was the first promoter ever to guarantee one million dollar paydays to non-heavyweights, and became the first promoter to guarantee a fighter (Sugar Ray Leonard) a $10 million purse. King also was the first promoter bold enough to offer Muhammad Ali an unprecedented five million-dollar purse by bringing the fight o Zaire, Africa. By giving Dictator Mobutu a world stage he pulled off an idea that others would not even conceive of more or less have the courage to act on.
Attorney Thomas Puccio would say of King, He is the smartest person I ever cross examined in a trial or a deposition. And I questioned Ivan Boesky |
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Yet the product of this mythical marriage of P.T Barnum and Ann Rand saw fit to live up to Holmes lament, broke a later contract with the man (Ali) who gave him his first big chance and underpaid him more than a million dollars for his fight with Holmes. Dennis Rappaport Gerry Coony's Co-promoter may have summed up an attitude that remains through Kings life, "Don King is an extraordinary salesman, but in his game, there are no rules, He truly believes the ends justify the means. He's a Machiavellian character." Heavyweight Champion Tim Witherspoon described King this way, "Don's trouble is he would rather earn a crooked quarter than an honest dollar." That's the essence of Don King.
Donald King was born in Cleveland Ohio, on December 6, 1932. He was the fifth of seven children by Clarence and Hattie King. While he was attending Lafayette elementary School, his father a steelworker died in an explosion at the Jones and Laughlin plant. With the 10,000 double indemnity money his mother moved the family to Mount Pleasant, bordering the black ghetto.There he found his first job, as a chicken deliverer for Hymie's Chicken Shack, swiftly delivering live chickens to the slaughterer's knife. He also became a hustler who sold peanuts and fruit pies, baked by his mother and his sister Evelyn, to gamblers in the policy houses.
His mother roasted hundreds of pounds of peanuts every weekend and Donald and his enterprising brothers stuffed so called "lucky numbers" into the small sacks of peanuts, this way King and his brothers could claim a tip from the gamblers when their numbers matched the real winners. While attending John Adams High School, Donald became caught up in stories about such great lawyers as Clarence Darrow, and considered taking a pre-law course in college. Year's later attorney Thomas Puccio would say of King, He is the smartest person I ever cross-examined in a trial or a deposition. And I questioned Ivan Boesky."
To finance his freshman year at Kent State University, King took over part of his older brother Tony's numbers route during the summer. Going from house to house, he collected daily bets and stowed away the slips in a window box at home. But when he forgot to turn in one winning slip to his boss, they made him pay it out of his own pocket. It took up the bulk of his savings. This was an early lesson for Donald, the implications would not be lost on him, that in business you don't get what you deserve, you get what you negotiate and that those in power will take from you and keep taking until you beat them. It was an impression that would last. Since the bookie refused to give him a loan for his tuition Don stayed "and I took my little $200-a-week business and in a year and a half's time I had my brother working for me," the bookie also ended up working for Don.
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I have to take the whupping that they whup on me. But I do it with a smile because I stand ever ready to fight any wrong and help any right... |
Nonetheless, Don spent a year at Western University in Cleveland before resuming his thriving numbers career. "I made the irrational realization," he recalled, "that you go to school in order to get educated so you can get some money, but I already was making money so why should I go to the school."
During his twenties, King, now known as Donald the Kid to his intimates, forged ahead to become one of the chief numbers racketeers in Cleveland. "I was a respected man in the community, because I always paid off. And because I was so damn honest the white mobs came after me with machine guns. Wanted to blow my house down, kidnap my kids." His front porch was blown off in 1957.But it was Lloyd Price the singer who wrote and recorded "Personality" and "Stagger Lee" who really positioned King for his run toward success. In 1958 when Ali was a kid, he would sit outside the Top Hat Lounge in Louisville, Kentucky but was not allowed in because he was underage.
When Price, on tour got to the lounge, Ali rushed over to him saying, "I'm Cassius Marcellus Clay; I'm the Golden Gloves champion of Louisville, Kentucky; someday I'm gonna be heavyweight champion of the world; I love your music; and I'm gonna be famous like you." Price told him he was dreaming, but liked the kid and they got along, "you couldn't help but like him" Price would say.
Around the same time he met King. His songwriter, Harold Logan was from Cleveland and introduced Price to King. According to Price, "One day I was over at Don's place, in the kitchen talking about Muhammad. Don's daughter Debbie said, I want to meet him,' It was her birthday; she was about five. So I telephoned Muhammad, and he sang 'Happy Birthday' to her over the phone. Then Don got on and started talking. He was strictly a Cleveland man at the time. He didn't know anything about New York or Chicago or Los Angeles; and he was into numbers, not boxing. But that was the introduction. He and Ali got together - once I think it was - and then Don went to prison" for manslaughter.
King contends that after an argument with Sam Garrett, one of his number runners over an unpaid debt, that Garret attacked him from behind. In the fist-fight that ensued the man's head hit the pavement. He died five days later. Jack Newfield, no fan of King's, in his book 'Only in America' portrays a different scene, beginning with Garrett saying, "Don, I'll pay you the money". He portrayed Garret as a small sickly man with tuberculosis, who was easy prey for King, who he called a 240-pound hustler making a statement with an easy prey. According to Newfield "when the police arrived, King gave Garrett one final kick to the head which caused his death... 'Just as twelve years earlier he had shot and killed a man who tried to raid one of his gambling dens.
"The earlier case was deemed to be self-defense, but King was sentenced to a term of one to twenty years for the Garrett death. He did not appeal because he feared his reputation as a numbers overlord would only hurt his case. After hauling hog manure in the work gang by day, King found a haven in the prison library in the evenings. It was there he immersed himself in world literature and philosophy, he still liberally quotes the classics, especially Shakespeare, who in 'As You Like It' taught him the "sweet uses of adversity".
King also took university correspondence courses, but although he proved his academic mettle by earning an A average in freshman English, business, law, economics, and political science, he declined an offer of a scholarship to the Harvard School of Business.After serving three years and eleven months at the Marion, Ohio Correctional Institute, which he calls "one of my alma maters," King was paroled on September 30, 1971 and in 1983 Governor James Rhodes of Ohio granted him a full pardon. In an article in TV Guide King said, "I came out armed and dangerous, armed with wisdom and knowledge.""The events that followed Don King's release from prison read like the script of a television miniseries. On March 8, 1971, he had listened to reports of the first Ali-Frazier fight from his prison cell. Three years later, he was a key player in putting together Ali-Foreman.
One year after that, he promoted the historic third Ali-Frazier confrontation in Manila. In a little more than four years, he'd become one of the most successful black businessmen in America, and the cornerstone of his power was Muhammad Ali." This explanation by Ali's biographer Thomas Hauser is echoed by King himself which makes his treatment toward Ali at the end of his career all the more remarkable. It was after the Ali-Holmes fight, Ali already showing signs of pugilistic dementia, and soon to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, that King swooped in. With Ali in the hospital King convinced Jeremiah Shabazz the man who converted Ali to Islam to go to Ali's hospital bedside and offer him 50,000 dollars to drop his lawsuit against King for money King promised and never delivered. King knew that 50,000 in hand was to a kid who grew up poor, hard to turn down, especially in Ali's condition. King also knew he was in no state of mind to negotiate.
Again while King is an obvious villain here, it is stunning that that a Muslim spiritual man, the one who converted Ali to his religion at that, would also agree to sell him out for a few thousand dollars himself. Somewhere along the line it seems, King decided that power and money are what really matter, that all the rest is just talk. While this is a spiritual and humanistic blight in ones character, it is also a part of life and King is not one to pass over an economic truth.Perhaps the final blow to a more humanistic slant occured when King created a road for Ali to make five million dollars to fight Foreman in Zaire. He thought that because he put on a great show and gave Ali millions more than anyone in the universe could or would that he would be building some loyalty.
But when King later raised eight million for Ali to fight Norton, he was turned down in favor of Promoter Bob Arum who came up with two million less. Herbert Mohammed, Ali's spiritual mentor and manager, protecting his influence pushed King out. Ali was the only loser because the battle cost him two million. In fact, King was trying to take Ali over. An open secret was that King was paying people in Ali's camp to give him inside information and speak highly of him just for that purpose.
If not for Ali neither King nor Shabazz or Herbert Mohammed would be where they are today. As Ali's people have said when Ali gave King, an unknown wanna-be promoter a chance, he never expected King to carry the mantle the way he has. Ali gave and gave and gave. For all his bombastic rhetoric and sometimes unpopular views, Ali cared deeply about others and his race. He put his money and his actions where his heart was and everyone around him is better off for it. King while he creates glamour, money, excitement and entertainment, does not.
Herbert Mohammed knows this. Remarking about how King could now return the favor to Ali and does not remarks, "King right now could say to Ali, 'Okay, I got a promotion and I want you to come in,' and give him some real money. Not just five or ten thousand dollars; (King regularly gives Ali five or ten thousand dollars to attend fights and lend glamour to the fight.) I'm talking about really helping. But I haven't seen it in Dons nature to help anyone like that"
That is why Ali has become an Icon and King Infamous, Ali a Great man, King a great promoter. King himself gives Ali credit for his rise. At his induction in the Boxing Hall of Fame King says:"Those who are confused will be able to understand. I'm like the tree planted by the water and I shall not be moved. But it comes as no surprise. If you want to know the secret, the secret sits right here in the personage of Muhammad Ali. The greatest. Allow me to tell exactly where Don King stands and where he came from. It was from this man named Muhammad Ali who came to Cleveland in 1971 to help me to promote a hospital thing, Forrest City Hospital. And it was suffering from financial woes. Couldn't pay its pharmaceutical bills.
Whatever. And so I initiated a fundraiser and Muhammad Ali was that fundraiser. He came to town, boxed four guys, and the local disc jockey called Gary D. It was a smashing success. Muhammad prevailed upon me to go into the sport of boxing. And he said that I was one of the greatest promoters he's ever seen...From that I went into boxing and the rest has been history. I'm the legacy of this man... And so from that legacy, I came along and tried to emulate it. Imitate in my meager way... And I've been very successful at that. And for that I have to take the whupping that they whup on me. But I do it with a smile because I stand ever ready to fight any wrong and help any right... And the only reason I'm standing at the helm is because of a man like Ali, that would stand up and defy all odds, all systems, and say yes you can when everybody else would say no you can't. So I'm an extension of Ali. I'm the legacy of Ali. I'm a living testimony of the man".
King is aware that Ali gave him his chance, that Ali set the stage, yet he still cheated him. He is willing to give credit where it is due, willing to give a few thousand to Ali so his fights become a grand spectacle, but had no qualms about circling like a vulture over a broken Ali. Perhaps he is just a smart vulture giving credit where it is due to defer some criticism, throwing Ali a bone to come to fights because it helps his promotion. That though would not explain away the fact that he does give. Less known about King is just that, he does give. "If you do something just to get noticed, he says 'then it is not a truly charitable gesture." He does go into neighborhoods every holiday season and personally hands out turkeys to needy families. His "Turkey Tour" has given away hundreds of thousands of turkey dinners over the years in cities across the country during the holidays.
He has given millions to such organizations as the NAACP, UNCF, Martin Luther King Jr. Foundation, Simon Wiesenthal Center, National Hispanic Scholarship Fund, National Coalition of Title 1/Chapter 1 Parents, Wheelchair Charities, Our Children's Foundation and numerous other organizations, charities, colleges and hospitals. He recently donated $100,000 to an education fund set up in the name of the Black man who recently was killed by three White men, who dragged him to death in Jasper, Texas, doubling what Al Sharpton asked of him. (What is ironic, yet almost an axiom in Kings life, is that Sharpton helped the government try to prove that King was involved in Organized Crime. Yet Shapton on the other hand asked King for the money, and King gave it to him. He also recently lavished praise on King in an CNBC talk show)
This is how King will be an asset to our community. He has already made an impact. His office on Fairway drive in Deerfield has three huge ever present flags that can be seen to all who drive past the Hillsborough exit on I-95. One an American Flag, the other one with his motto 'Only In America' and the third with the words Liberty waving to passerby's. He gave the Florida State Boxing Foundation a check for $100,000 to help boxers with education and job skills. He also gave the Deerfield Beach Fire Department a new fire engine, which they sorely needed.
The facts though still bear out the ever-present reality; Don King does not care about the welfare of his fighters or how much he takes from them. This is King at his core. He is brilliant, shrewd, mesmerizing and most of all believes that down deep he has earned the right to take whatever he can get. It is the principle that in life you do not get what you deserve you get what you negotiate. He believes that Business is all about control and winning. His is the theory that it is not enough that I win everyone else has to lose as well.
This belief blossomed when King saw injustice and prejudice after the brutal death of his father. He, it seems gave up all desire to achieve within the system. King was able to win and gets as much satisfaction from beating the system and those pseudo moralists he came to understand so well. That is why Don King cheated Ali. He was aware of how Ali helped him, it was simply that King had to win. He had to be able to beat the Greatest, to gain control, as he says: "In business the decisive factor is control". Don King sees the hypocrisy in America, in business, and just flat out beats everybody at their own game. As Jack Newfield said, "sometimes the bad guy is better and smarter than all the good guys combined".
America was built on the back and sweat of Native Indians who they cheated, on back of the sweat and blood of Afro American slaves and others, but there came a time when America and Americans evolved and came to stand for the opposite of the means upon which they used to conquer. King has not evolved and remains a symbol of the very thing that he preaches against. This hypocrisy and lack of desire to grow is the lasting impression and epitomizes the man.
Perhaps King could heed Lilly Tomlin's words, "even if you win the rat race, you're still a rat". King says, "You've got the critics and the doomsayers...but there was a guy-Hannibal, I believe, who said, "we've got to either find a way, or make one."
Perhaps he should heed his own words and do what he is so very good at, making a new path for himself. It would be a new and challenging game to win. It would give him a chance to live up to his slogans about America, to act on his belief that the founders created something special, that needs to be worked at to achieve it's potential. He no longer needs to undermine society with street wise cynicism at the expense of idealism.... at the expense of humanity. One of the best ways to understand a person at their core is to ask them who they admire. They invariably will pick people who reflect their inner nature, hopes desires and aims. This is the answer King gave in an interview when asked. Who are your heroes?
Frederick Douglas...and John Brown. He raided Harper's Ferry, fighting that evil thing called slavery. And when they were getting ready to hang him, they had him in a wagon, and he looked up at the Blue Ridge Mountains and said, "My God, this is a beautiful country. And they're taking him to the hangman's noose.
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Quotes about Don King
What the fighters say
Dons specialty is black-on-black crime. Im black and he robbed me.
Tim Witherspoon
At the same time, Witherspoon admitted he would have fought for King again and surrendered options on future fights for a title bout.
"If the money was right, yeah, I would've done it,"
Tim Witherspoon
After a six-year legal battle, Witherspoon won an out-of-court settlement from King believed to be more than $1 million. King with his control of boxing, blackballed Witherspoon for seven years by not giving him a shot at the title held by Kings fighters
"He's one of the greatest promoters, but he robs fighters, He's generated money and a lot of champions. He should get his just due. But he did wrong to everybody. He did a lot of damage to me."
Tim Witherspoon
Kings an equal opportunity dirtbag, he screws everybody
Larry Holmes
With Don, it was making money off fighters sure, but there was something more to it.... I believe deep down Don King hates fighters, is jealous of them, because we can do what a fat old bull sh----- like him cant do--and that is fight. That is why he wanted to have such power over us, to humiliate us.
Larry Holmes
When Holmes threatened to change promoters, King promised to have his legs broken. Holmes responded:
Not for a minute did I think it wasnt a real threat
Larry Holmes
Yet, Holmes fought repeatedly for King and attended the induction ceremonies as one of more than 60 former champions invited as King's guests. Holmes said the only difference between King and other promoters is that:
"He's black, and the rest are white. Everybody cheats . . . Sure, I thought I was entitled to much more, but I got as much as I could. Where would I be without him. Nobody else was knocking my door down, so I stuck with Don."
Larry Holmes
Holmes, like Tyson, refused to testify in an investigation that led to King's indictment on insurance-fraud charges.
"They're going after Don because he's a minority,"
Larry Holmes
Mike Tyson sued King for one Hundred Million dollars, claiming King cheated him. He refused to talk to King when King tried to visit him in Prison, but that has not stopped him from praising him.
"Its about time they acknowledged [King] for the great stature that he's accomplished,"
Tyson referring to Kings induction to the hall of fame
Its the biggest fix in fight history....it was clear to all who watched that the deciding victor was Lennox Lewis. As the former three time heavyweight of the world, I believe I have the credibility to say Lennox Lewis won this bout without question and should be named the clear and decided victor...the sport has sunk to its lowest levels
Muhammad Ali in a letter Senator to Senator John McCain
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Hall of Fame trainer Angelo Dundee said his own brother Chris, also in the Hall of Fame, shares common traits with King. Dundee complained about King's tendency to ignore managers when dealing with their fighters, but he said:
"You get promoters from way back, cut their heads off and put another one on and you won't know the difference. I love Chris dearly, but promoters are promoters . . . Whatever Don does, he promotes fights. The worst thing in boxing is silence. There's never silence with Don King around."
Angelo Dundee
"Don King is an extraordinary salesman, but in his game, there are no rules," He truly believes the ends justify the means. He's a Machiavellian character."
Dennis Rappaport, Gerry Cooney's copromoter in the Holmes Bout
"Don King lacks integrity in any of his dealings," "He has seen fit to rip off fighters, including Muhammad Ali. He doesn't have a conscience.
Tysons former manager Bill Cayton
"King is a master psychologist," He knows where a fighter is at his weakest and when to make his move. He's used race on African-Americans. `We're brothers.' He's no more Tim Witherspoon's brother than the man in the moon. But fighters say white people have exploited them, too, and there's so much money available that whatever he gives them is enough."
Tom Moran, Witherspoon's manager.
When Mike Tyson went off to jail and everyone was jockeying to get a shot at heavyweight champion Holyfield, Rock Newman (Bowes promoter) says that WBC president Jose Sulaiman quietly urged him to retain Don King as his promoter.
''Don is the best,'' Sulaiman, a longtime King ally, told him. ''He's made the most money for fighters.'' Having come so far with Bowe, Newman said no. ''Why should I work with King or anyone else?'' He said. The WBC's answer came in February 1992, when its ratings committee, in a split vote, leapfrogged Razor Ruddock, a King fighter who had lost twice to Tyson, ahead of Bowe in its rankings. Newman says the move deprived Bowe of a guaranteed shot at the title, he called Sulaiman and said, ''You are a dirty, no-good ---- ! You forced Riddick out because I would not do business with Don King.'' Sulaiman denied this vehemently, but Newman promised revenge. He eventually got it at that garbage can in London, vowing that Bowe would never fight Lewis as long as Lewis wore the WBC belt.
From newspaper and magazine reports about Rock Newman. Newman was Riddick Bowes Manager
I know for a fact that King made a move on Ali. King was innovative there were a lot of people in Alis camp who were on Kings payroll. And it wasnt just handing out hundred dollar bills when he went into camp. It was much more organized than that, it was real payment in return for services.
Bob Arum on how King paid off People around Ali so he could become Alis handler
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I'm the true attestation to the American Dream...not Horatio Alger, because there ain't no bosses daughter for me to marry. You have to kick the board room door down and have something to say. The decisive factor in business is control, you see. And the problem is this: a white man can tell a lie, and it's believable; a black man can tell the truth and it's questionable. So you find yourself always defending and proving. I withstand all that, and that makes me SKD as they say in the ghetto: Something Kinda Different.
Keep the faith, never say die. It's much more difficult to live for America than it is to die. To live with discrimination, the iniquity, the hypocrisy, the injustices, and keep extolling the virtues of America, and seeking ways and means to resolve its idiosyncrasies.
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Don is Don
Mike Tyson, when asked how he felt about Don King
King was rated the third most influential person in the 20th century by Bert Sugars Fight Game, saying that King Expanded boxings perimeters to include the Third World. Shifted boxings power structure from traditional white brokers to black entrepreneurs, most notably himself.
( Joe Louis was #1 and Ali was #2 )
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